What is targeting in football?

Targeting in football refers to a specific type of foul that involves a player initiating contact against an opponent using any part of their helmet, forearm, or shoulder, when the opponent is considered defenseless. The crucial elements are:

• Initiating Contact: The player must be the one to start the contact, not simply reacting to another player's actions. A player who is being blocked and reacts by hitting an opponent with their helmet is less likely to be called for targeting than a player who deliberately lowers their helmet to hit an opponent.

• Helmet, Forearm, or Shoulder: These are the specific body parts that are prohibited from being used to initiate contact in a targeting situation. A hit with other body parts might be a foul but not necessarily targeting.

• Defenseless Opponent: A defenseless opponent is one who is:

  • In the process of attempting to catch a pass
  • In the act of delivering a pass
  • Already on the ground
  • Turning his back to the play
  • Not expecting or able to defend himself.

Consequences of Targeting:

Targeting is a severe penalty, resulting in:

• Ejection from the game: The player who commits the targeting foul is immediately ejected.
• 15-yard penalty: The offending team is assessed a 15-yard penalty. The penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul.
• Automatic review: Targeting calls are subject to automatic review by officials.
• Possible suspension: Depending on the severity of the foul and the player's history, they may be subject to further suspension from subsequent games. This is particularly true in college football and sometimes in professional leagues. Rules often stipulate that repeat offenders face harsher penalties.

Why Targeting Rules Exist:

The targeting rule is designed to protect players from potentially dangerous hits that can lead to serious injuries, including concussions and other head and neck trauma. The emphasis is on player safety and promoting a cleaner, less violent game.

Differences in Interpretation Across Levels:

While the general principle of targeting is consistent across different levels of football (high school, college, professional), specific interpretations and enforcement can vary slightly. Officials' judgment plays a significant role in determining whether a hit constitutes targeting, and replay reviews often lead to adjustments of initial calls.